*PC Boards available* Lossless Current Monitor - 20 or 50 Amps*PC Boards available* LED Voltage Monitor - A Single LED Battery Status Indicator for the Rover*PC Boards available* Utility Board for Op-amps and Comparators *PC Boards available* Tonemeter - An Audio Tone Indicator for Tuning or Antenna Measuring*PC Boards available* A Voltage Standard for the Hamshack Printed Hairpin Filters - Designed using Ansoft Serenade SV software 222 MHz Transverter for the FT-817 Download Miniverter article Two-stage MMIC amplifier in Pomona box
In 2000, Dr. Muehlhaus Consulting & Software GmbH was founded, taking over the software reseller and consulting business with end users, while Muehlhaus Hochfrequenztechnik concentrates on the OEM software licensed to other EDA vendors.
Serenade Software Microwave
This course covers the design of stand-alone digital systems utilizing embedded microcontrollers. Both software and hardware are covered. Topics include microcontroller architecture, peripheral functionality and utilization, performance and power consumption, hardware interfacing, interrupts, and real-time operating systems.
Computer and Network security has been a growing concern in the Digital World. This course introduces the principles and practices of computer and network security by hands on learning approach. Topics covered in this course include: applied cryptography, digital signatures, hash functions, various security attacks and defense strategies, reconfigurable device security and software security, legal and ethical aspects of computer security.
This course introduces the use of engineering techniques to simulate and analyze biomedical systems and applications in medicine. Major physiologic functions, such as nerve action potentials, skeletal muscle contraction, human vision system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, endocrine system, kidney, and prosthetic devices, are modeled by electrical circuits or differential equations and simulated using computer software.
Analysis and design of modern microwave systems such as satellite and cellular communications and radar. Devices, circuits, and subsystems are presented with an emphasis on theory of operation and impact on overall performance. Application of technologies to the current microwave communications industry is covered. Students complete a design project using modern microwave CAD software (Ansoft Serenade or Agilent Advanced Design System and Sonnet) and theory presented in class.
Method In order to calculate and optimise the characteristics, design and topological parameters of microwave mixers, the results of the design bandpass filter PF and low-pass filter (LPF) mixers of through-feed type were used. The characteristics of mixers and their structural elements were calculated using the Serenade software package intended for the automated calculation of microwave devices. A distinct feature of designing mixers (with a diplexer) involves the need to optimise the topology of the diplexer before optimising the mixer characteristics.
Phase-locked-loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers are used throughoutcommunications systems to provide a stable source of carrier and basebandsignals. Since a PLL can be considered a subsystem within a largercommunications system, it is appropriate to analyze this type of network withthe help of a system-level simulator, such as the Symphony communicationsystem designer within the Serenade software suite. The software utilizesbehavioral modeling to simulate the performance of various PLL components andallows designers to examine how component selection can be applied to thedesign and simulation of a real-world PLL synthesizer. The use of flexiblebehavioral models means that only a few parameters need to be entered beforesimulation is possible. Model details may be added as they become availableto the designer. This permits early prototyping as well as full systemcharacterization.
Symphony allows engineers of systems and subsystems, such as PLLs,to design at various levels of detail. The simulator easily allows theconstruction of a PLL synthesizer through the connection of its standardbuilt-in behavioral components, such as a voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO), phase detector, components for loop filter design, referenceoscillator and frequency divider. The simulation capability of Symphonyperforms frequency-domain, time-domain and mixed-mode (time and frequencytogether) analyses for end-to-end communication system design. Additionally,the software can perform co-simulations through the use of MATLAB (1) as wellas customized models written in C or C++ language.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the Symphony system-levelsoftware in developing practical PLL designs, a 900 MHz PLL was designed witha third-order loop filter. The design features a VCO with tuning sensitivity[K.sub.VCO] = 20 MHz/V, a reference frequency of 200 kHz, attenuation of 20dB, optimum output frequency ([RF.sub.opt]) of 900 MHz, a division ratio of[RF.sub.opt]/[f.sub.ref], N = 4500 and optimum phase margin of 45 [degrees].The filter is based on a design example from U. Rohde and D. Newkirk. (3) Theloop bandwidth was chosen as 10 percent of the reference oscillator([[omega].sub.p] = 2[pi] * 20 kHz = 1.256 * [10.sup.5]).
A similar 900 MHz PLL is also available as an example in theSymphony software package. The software contains all of the components neededto create the PLL, including the VCO, divider, reference oscillator,second-order loop fileter and phase detector. The reference oscillator has asinusoidal output that must be sampled in the time-domain. The designer mustspecify a sample rate that is at least twice the maximum frequency swing ofthe VCO according to Nyquist criteria, as well as the number of samples to beused, which can be determined by the product of the sample rate and theestimated lock time. Figure 5 shows the 900 MHz PLL example.
Once a PLL subsystem has been designed and created in software,software probes are used to view the operation of the system. A variety ofdifferent probes are available for this purpose, including signal probes(which measure voltages at functional nodes), signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR)probes, bit-error-rate (BER) probes, adjacent-channel-power-ratio (ACPR)probes, frequency trajectory probes, power probes and voltage probes (whichmeasure voltages at electrical nodes). In the example PLL design, signalprobes have been placed after the phase detector and the loop filter in orderto view the phase-error signal and the input to the VCO. The PLL lock timecan be deduced by viewing the instantaneous frequency as a function ofsimulation time using the frequency trajectory probe (Figure 7).
The 900 MHz PLL can also be realized with an active filter ratherthan the passive lumped-element filter, as shown in Figure 8. The active(second-order-type) filter can be constructed with a finite-gain operationalamplifier, lumped electrical elements and an integrator (a functional elementin the software). Because the op amp has finite-gain, it does not behave as atrue integrator (with infinite gain at 0 Hz). Instead, the active filter hasa low frequency pole and actually functions as a second-order loop. Becausethe loop filter has one low frequency pole and a second pole at a much higherfrequency, the simulation time will be extremely long and memory-intensivedue to the long time-domain impulse response required for the low frequencypole and the small time step required for the high frequency pole. Toaccelerate the simulation time, the filter should be converted to asingle-order type with separate integrator.
David Vye is the product marketing manager for Ansoft Corp.'shigh frequency circuit/system design and siumlation tools. He is a 1984graduate of the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, with aconcentration in microwave engineering. He first Joined M/A-COM'sAdvanced Semiconductor Operations, developing test and devicecharacterization methods for power GaAs MESFET technology, as well as MMICdesign. In 1987, he joined Raytheon's research division, where he wasresponsible for IMPATT diode transmitter development for a number ofmillimeter-wave applications. Between the years 1994 to 1998, he was a memberof the design staff at Raytheon's Advance Device Center. Hisresponsibilities included circuit development (MMIC) and device modeling forAlIuAs/GaInAsInP PHEMT and GaAs HBT technologies. He joined Ansoft in 1998.
Second-order bandpass filter using folded metal inserts with CSRRs: (a) 3D model, (b) equivalent microwave circuit, (c) comparison of amplitude responses for the 3D EM model (blue) and equivalent circuit (red).
Well, I'm really enjoying LIN2. That is a great piece of software and at a great price! Very intuitive which translates to a short learning curve- and that's great! Documentation to way off the charts. Nice job there too.-Bill; Camino, CA
The custom designed U-shaped kitchen is on the opposite side of the 1st floor from the living room, and in clear view of the action. Cream-tone cottage style wood cabinets are topped with earth-tone granite counter tops. A deep apron farm-style sink is set in the center of the exterior wall, which is painted with wide whimsical stripes of crackled coral and white. A wooden ceiling fan and stainless-steel appliances complete the elegant cottage-style kitchen. Just past the cabinet with the microwave, a roomy walk-in pantry and laundry center provides plenty of storage and a stacking washer/dryer. The breakfast bar / cocktail counter with wooden back counter height chairs, make it easy to serve and entertain. When you want to sit down and dine, a round glass-top dining table with 4 upholstered wooden sleigh-back chairs, is conveniently placed in the great room between the kitchen and the living room.
Abstract:Currently, several microwave filter designs contend for use in wireless communications. Among various microstrip filter designs, the reconfigurable planar filter presents more advantages and better prospects for communication applications, being compact in size, light-weight and cost-effective. Tuneable microwave filters can reduce the number of switches between electronic components. This paper presents a review of recent reconfigurable microwave filter designs, specifically on current advances in tuneable filters that involve high-quality factor resonator filters to control frequency, bandwidth and selectivity. The most important materials required for this field are also highlighted and surveyed. In addition, the main references for several types of tuneable microstrip filters are reported, especially related to new design technologies. Topics surveyed include microwave and millimetre wave designs for 4G and 5G applications, which use varactors and MEMSs technologies.Keywords: microstrip; tuneable filter; microwave filter; 5G; MEMSs; varactor 2ff7e9595c
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